精英训练年轻足球运动员的奔跑方式和力量速度冲刺曲线：跨领域研究
European Journal of Sport Science
(
IF
3
)
Pub Date : 2020-12-17
Qingshan Zhang
,
Félicie Pommerell
,
Adam Owen
,
Robin Trama
,
Cyril Martin
,
Christophe A Hautier
摘要
Volodalen®现场方法可根据垂直振动，上身运动，地面接触时的骨盆和脚的位置以及脚的敲击模式将跑步者分为空中或地面类。本研究旨在比较空中和地面跑步者之间的冲刺跑速度曲线。六十四名法国国家一级的年轻足球运动员（女28名，男36名）进行了三项最大的40m短跑空载测试。使用经过验证的生物力学模型并基于速度-时间曲线来计算外部水平功率-力-速度关系。因此，参与者被分为空中和地面跑步者。地面跑步者显示出更高的最大水平力（F 0）（6.73±1.03 vs 6.01±0.94 N·kg -1），最大水平功率（P max）（14.04±3.24 vs 12.51±3.31），最大加速度（Acc）（6.83±0.85 vs 6.26±0.89 m·s -2）和最大水平力率（RF max）（相比之下，空中跑步者为57.41±4.64 vs 52.81±5.69％）。相比之下，地面跑步者的RF（D RF）下降率更负（-11.65±1.71 vs -10.23±1.66％）和力速关系的斜率（FV斜率）（-0.83±0.11 vs -0.77 ±0.10 N·s·m -1 ·kg -1）而不是空中跑步者。结果表明，地面跑步者在向前方向上显示出更有效的力量产生，并显示了更多“以力为导向”的FV轮廓。然而，空中滑行者在保持速度增加时净水平力产生方面更为有效。我们的结果表明，地面跑步者可以更适应特定的短距离和高加速度冲刺。
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Running patterns and force-velocity sprinting profiles in elite training young soccer players: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
The Volodalen® field method permits to classify runners into aerial or terrestrial, based on vertical oscillation, upper-body motion, pelvis and foot position at ground contact, and foot strike pattern. The present study aimed to compare the sprint running force-velocity profiles between aerial and terrestrial runners. Sixty-Four French National-Level young soccer players (28 females, 36 males) performed three trials of unloaded maximal 40m sprints. External horizontal power-force-velocity relationships were computed using a validated biomechanical model and based on the velocity-time curve. Accordingly, the participants were classified into patterns in aerial and terrestrial runners. Terrestrial runners showed a higher maximal horizontal force (F 0) (6.73 ± 1.03 vs 6.01 ± 0.94 N·kg-1), maximal horizontal power (P max) (14.04 ± 3.24 vs 12.51 ± 3.31), maximal acceleration (Acc) (6.83 ± 0.85 vs 6.26 ± 0.89 m·s-2), and maximal rate of horizontal force (RF max) (57.41 ± 4.64 vs 52.81 ± 5.69 %) compared to aerial runners. In contrast, terrestrial runners displayed a more negative rate of decrease of RF (D RF) (-11.65 ± 1.71 vs -10.23 ± 1.66 %) and slope of the Force-Velocity relationship (F-V slope) (-0.83 ± 0.11 vs -0.77 ± 0.10 N·s·m-1·kg-1) than aerial runners. The results indicate that terrestrial runners displayed more efficient force production in the forward direction and displayed more “force-oriented” F-V profiles. Nevertheless, aerial runners were more effective in maintaining a net horizontal force production with increasing speed. Our results suggest that terrestrial runners could be more adapted to the specific short distance and high acceleration sprints running.
更新日期：2020-12-17